Semi-Elliptic Spring
The type of leaf spring that takes its name from its shape, which is part of an ellipse. These leaf springs are used in the rear suspension systems on the Hardbodys to handle the higher load factors these vehicles encounter.

Semi-Floating Axle
A drive axle construction in which the axle shafts support the weight of the car.

Semi-Trailing Arm
A popular type of independent rear suspension where the pivot axes are usually at about 25 degrees to a line running straight across the car. This gives rear-wheel camber between that of a pure trailing arm (no camber change relative to the body) and a swing axle (large camber change). (Also see: Camber)

Short or Short Circuit
A defect in an electrical circuit that permits current to take a "short patch," or circuit, instead of following the prescribed path. This often results in the burning out of related circuits and/or failure of the device.

Sludge
A composition of oxidized petroleum products along with an emulsion of oil and water, forming a pasty substance that clogs oil lines and passages, interfering with engine lubrication.

Spark Plug
A device inserted into the combustion chamber of a gasoline-powered engine that provides the gap across which the high-tension voltage jumps, creating a spark that ignites the compressed air/fuel mixture.

Spoiler
An aerodynamic device attached to a car (usually on the rear decklid) to either reduce drag or induce downforce on the car. It is so called because it "spoils" the normal flow over the car.

Stabilizer Bar
Utilized on many cars, it is also (incorrectly) referred to as an anti-sway bar. It is a transverse bar linking both sides (either front or rear) of the suspension, generally taking the form of a torsion bar, with rubber bushing mounts on the chassis that allow it to turn freely. The bar's main function is to reduce body roll, but it also has an influence on the overall handling characteristics as well.

Starter Motor
The small electric motor that engages the teeth of the flywheel and causes the engine to crank or turn over until it begins to run under its own power.

Steering Arm
The arm attached to the steering knuckle that turns the knuckle and wheel for steering.

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